It is worth mentioning that the C library malloc might be using and caching
We also see even experienced users being caught by less obvious LIMIT behavior in multi-node environments where a table has many shards. Sharding allows users to split or replicate their data across multiple instances of ClickHouse. When a query with a LIMIT N clause is sent to a sharded table e.g. via a distributed table, this clause will be propagated down to each shard. Each shard will, in turn, need to collate the top N results, returning them to the coordinating node. This can prove particularly resource-intensive when users run queries that require a full table scan. Typically these are "point lookups" where the query aims to just identify a few rows. While this can be achieved in ClickHouse with careful index design a non-optimized variant, coupled with a LIMIT clause, can prove extremely resource-intensive.，更多细节参见搜狗浏览器
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